20世纪初中国戏曲界的变迁

20世纪初是中国戏曲界发生重大变迁的时期,本文就这种变化的成因和意义进行了探讨。戏曲界的变迁,在政治上,主要表现为戏曲艺人有了国民资格;在经济上,表现为戏曲艺人劳动报酬的分配方式与收入结构发生了明显的变化,其获取劳动报酬的人格尊严得到承认;在文化上,戏曲表演不再被视作贱业,戏曲艺人开始为世人所接受。这些变化突出体现了戏曲艺人的“国民意识”的确立,促使其由古代人格向现代人格转化。另外,戏曲界的变迁离不开资产阶级革命派的帮助。革命党人是有史以来中国第一个关心戏曲艺人社会地位问题的政治势力,在改变千百年所形成的世俗偏见、培养戏曲艺人近代人文精神等方面,资产阶级革命派功不可没。

The Social Change of Chinese Theatrical Circles at the Beginning of the 20th Century

This paper expounds the great change of Chinese theatrical circles at the beginning of the 20th century. Theses social changes are displayed in these following aspects: politically the actors and actress became qualified citizens; economically the reward distribution pattern and the income structure changed greatly and their personal dignity was acknowledged; culturally the theatrical performance was not regarded as humble, and the actors and actress were accepted by common people. All these changes reveal that the actors and actresses' awareness of national citizens were established and that their traditional personality was turned into modern personality. The social change of Chinese theatrical circles is also attributable to the bourgeois revolutionary group.