清代云南私盐问题研究

清代云南私盐活动十分活跃，严重影响了封建国家的财政收入和统治秩序。以咸丰为界，前期主要是腹地私盐，后期主要是边岸私盐。前期腹地私盐的泛滥主要与制度的缺漏、沉重的封建剥削、利益的驱使以及私盐所具有的优势有关。后期边岸私盐的侵销主要与市场需求、边民互市和借销邻盐的基础、天灾人祸、清末名目繁多的盐课以及帝国主义的纵容等因素息息相关。清政府对私盐的态度历来是深痛恶绝的，而随着时局的发展，政府越来越重视边岸私盐问题。

Research on Private Salt in Yunnan in the Qing Dynasty

Private salt activities were very pervasive in Yunnan in the Qing Dynasty, which influenced the empire＇s finance and reign. With the reign of Xianfeng as boundary, there was more private salt from hinterland than that from other areas near Yunnan in the earlier phase, while it was opposite in the later phase. Hinterland salt flooding in the earlier phase resulted from system defects, heavy feudal exploitation, benefit urging and advantages of private salt. That private salt from other areas near Yunnan was far more than that from hinterland in the later phase was interrelated to those factors--the market demand, the trade among the people dwelled in border areas, the convention of selling salt from the neighbour, the natural and man-made calamities, the kinds of salt taxes and the indulgence of imperialism. The ruler distasted private salt activities and paid more attention to the private salt from other districts near Yunnan along with the development of situation.