《汉书·文帝纪》“养老令”新考

《汉书.文帝纪》所载"养老令",是研究汉代养老制度最重要的史料之一,但是传世文本的记述中存在着一些令人生疑并且经不起推敲的地方,比如80岁以上老人与90岁以上老人一样,成为"受鬻法"的福利对象;又如皇帝对高年的赐物不是一次性的行为,而是每月重复的常设制度。而其中赐物价值即"赐格"之高,尤其令人难以置信。参照武帝元狩元年四月诏、顺帝阳嘉三年五月诏的相关内容,推测"养老令"年八十已上,赐米人月一石,肉二十斤,酒五斗。其九十已上,又赐帛人二匹,絮三斤"中的"月"字为衍字。正是"月"字之衍导致文献信息失真,歧义纷生。"养老令"关于赐物发放流程的规定,是后世遵行的常设制度,赐格的部分内容在东汉时期仍然以先帝"故事"的方式产生着影响。由此判断,"养老令"在文帝之后似乎并没有被完全废止。

New Investigation of Pension Regulation in Biography of Emperor Wendi

Pension Regulation,recorded in Biography of Emperor Wendi in History of the Han Dynasty,is one of the most important historical materials to investigate the pension system of the Han Dynasty.However,the accessible record is puzzling and cannot stand close scrutiny.For example,first,the people over the age of 80 can enjoy the same pension as those over 90.Second,the emperors' grant for the old is not only once but monthly repetitive system.Third,the value of the grant is too high to believe.On the basis of t...