城市人口老龄化对养老保险筹资模式的影响及政策建议

21世纪内我国城市老年人口总量不断增加且规模将大于乡村.城市人口老龄化趋势对现行养老保险筹资模式的影响主要表现在退休金占工资总额的比例逐步上升,社会统筹加个人账户模式下的隐性债务问题更加突出等几个方面.2000年尽管国务院下发了<完善城镇社会保障体系试点方案>(国发42]号文)对这一模式进行完善,但是既有的结构性矛盾依旧存在:现行的筹资模式仍然面临养老基金增值的压力和养老金的支付危机.惟一的办法就是适当降低养老金替代率,同时通过"三根支柱"的构想,建立现代养老保险制度.

Impacts of Aging in Urban Areas and Policy Suggestions to Fund-raising Models in Endowment Insurance

The level of aging in the urban areas will continue to raise, a problem which is more severe than in the rural areas. The impacts of aging in the urban areas on fund-raising models of endowment insurance demonstrate the increasing rate of retirement annuity to the total salary and greater potential debt problems in the payment models of social and individual collection. Although the government issued the Experimental Guidelines for Accomplishment of Social Insurance System to perfect the models in 2000, the existing structural conflicts have not yet been solved. The current fund-raising model of endowment insurance still bears the burden of an increasing amount of retirement annuity and faces payment crisis. The solution to aging lies in developing an up-to-date retirement insurance policy. One way is to decrease the substitutive rate of the retirement annuity. With a long tradition of low salary and high substitutive rate of retirement annuity, there is no way to raise enough funds for endowment insurance. The other way is the " three bolsters" to prevent poverty of aging and to maintain living standard of retirements. The first bolster is worker-based endowment insurance, which is compelled by the state law. It's a base of endowment insurance. The second bolster is an individual-collection-based compulsory retirement saving plan. Its purpose is to help the young to save money for the future. The last bolster is volunteer-based saving. Individuals and entrepreneurs think that their demands and abilities are over and they save for a better living standard after retirement. Through decreasing the substitutive rate of retirement annuity and the thought of "three bolsters", we can hope to overcome, to some extend, the burden of the increasing amount of retirement annuity and the payment crisis.