超法规不作为犯的构成--对先行行为和道德要求形成的作为义务的分析

先行行为和道德义务成立不作为犯有着共同的伦理基础.先行行为所导致的危险是作为的前提条件,而道德义务的成立也必须有足够的危险存在,以致作为的必要,二者都要求作为义务的形成与作为义务人有着必要的内在联系.在当今中国,道德义务的成立有着现实可能性和时代的需要,但它成立的条件与法律有规定的作为义务不同,和先行行为不作为犯构成一样,它必须与当时危险的现实性、紧迫性和作为义务者对危险的排他性支配力等限定性条件相结合,形成严密的构成体系.

Constitution of Extra Legal Delictum Omissis--Analysis of Commission Obligation from Prior Act and Moral Obligation

Delictum Omissis according to prior act and moral obligation have same ethical foundation. The jeopardy caused by prior act is the precondition of commission, the same necessary jeopardy to moral obligation. There exists a tight inherent relation between commission and potential actor. Nowadays it is necessary and possible to practice the constitution of negative offence by moral obligation in China. Prior act and moral obligation have different composing elements from commission obligation by the law. The integrated constitution system should be formed by the following additional condition: reality of jeopardy, impending of jeopardy, and the exclusive control to jeopardy by the actor.