中国流动人口特征与城市化政策研究

中国正在进入移民时期,流动人口呈现出如下特征:规模大、增长快、发达地区和城市化水平高的地区是流动人口的主要吸收区域、经济落后的人口大省是流动人口的主要输送地、流动人口在距离上以近邻流动和中程流动为主、在空间分布上建制镇多于城市、流动人口的文化差异大。为了消减城市化的不稳定因素,急需根据中国流动人口的特征,建立稳定、公平、开放的城市化政策体系,特别是要建立公平的迁徙制度,完善劳动力市场,发展公共住宅,改革城市设置标准,建立人口大省基础教育基金和大力发展职业教育。

The Features of Floating Population and Urbanization Policy in China

In the present period of spatial migration in China, floating population is characterized as large scale, rapid growth rate, flowing from lagged regions into advanced regions, the short and middle migration distance, spatial distribution more in township rather than in the city, and with large cultural differential. In order to archive the stable process of urbanization, it is necessary to build up more stable, equal and open system of urbanization, especially to formulate more equal regulation for migration, improve labor market, develop public houses, adjust city-setting standard, set up education foundation for the provinces with large population and encourage vocational training, etc.