不作为犯探疑

不作为犯理论一直被两大问题纠缠:不作为与作为的界限;不作为犯的因果关系。不作为与作为的界限植根于规范,即违反命令规范还是禁止规范,而命令规范同禁止规范的分野则应从立法意图及选择可能的角度进行考察,不能仅着眼于规范表述。刑法的因果关系属于社会的因果关系,不同于自然或哲学的因果关系,因此不作为犯的因果关系具有规范性,在判断时需结合假定消去法与假定肯定法。

Exploration of the Questionable Points in Omission

There are two disputable topics in criminal omission theory: differences between voluntary acts and omission; cause and consequence of omission. The first topic relies on the different norms he (she) violated. We can draw a line between norms of command and norms of prohibition through the legislative intention or extent of choice. Cause and cousequence of omission can be judged by integrating "but for" and "but only" rules.