晚清中国用条约强化中朝宗藩关系的失败(1876-1895)

明治维新后,中日双方围绕中朝宗藩关系的存废问题,展开外交斗争。为了使中朝宗藩关系取得国际合法性,清廷主动让朝鲜与西方国家建立外交关系,其后,又与朝鲜订立双边条约,从而使宗藩关系被纳入条约体系当中。清廷在很大程度上是模仿近代不平等条约的范式来实行“立约保藩”,导致表面的不平等转化为内在实质上的不平等。由于中国的实力的衰弱,无力反击日本的军事攻击,最终在甲午战争中失败,被迫彻底放弃中朝宗藩关系。

On the Tributary Relation Between China and Korea in the Qing Dynasty

It was the focus of the fight between China and Japan before the SinoJapan War in 1894 whether the traditional Sino-Korea tributary relation was kept continually.China made Korea made diplomatic relations with the Western countries initiatively and got the international legitimacy for the traditional Sino-Korea tributary relation.Then China set up a series of diplomatic treaties with Korea and this extremely important relationship was brought into the system of treaties.In the Sino-Japan War in 1894,China was forced to give up suzerainty to Korea.