Time Use Patterns Between Maintenance,Subsistence and Leisure Activities: A Case Study in China |
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Authors: | Zhou Hui-fen Li Zhen-shan Xue Dong-qian Lei Yang |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, No. 5, Yi Heyuan Road, Haidian District, 100871 Beijing, China;(2) College of Tourism and Environment, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 199, ChangAnNan Road, Yanta District, 710062 Xi’an, China; |
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Abstract: | The Chinese government conducted its first time use survey of the activities of Chinese individuals in 2008. Activities were
classified into three broad types, maintenance activities, subsistence activities and leisure activities. Time use patterns
were defined by an individuals’ time spent on maintenance, subsistence and leisure activities each day. We analyzed the time
use patterns of different population segments, such as gender, region, age, employment status, and income. Rural residents
spend 2 h per day more on SA than urban residents. Five of the employment status categories; migrant workers, full-time students,
retirees, the unemployed, and Home-makers, each have unique time schedules. Moreover, time use patterns vary greatly between
the different age groups and different income levels. The relationships between the time spent on maintenance, subsistence,
and leisure activities were analyzed. Time spent on subsistence activities each day were negatively correlated with time spent
on maintenance and leisure activities. The time spent on maintenance activities was positively correlated with the time spent
on leisure activities. The ratio of time spent on maintenance, subsistence and leisure activities in China is compared with
that in Japan, America and New Zealand. A new term, Time Structure, was coined to describe the ratio of individual time spent
on maintenance, subsistence and leisure activities. The time structure in China is 60:24:16 and differs from the structures
found in the other countries examined. |
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