国防工业技术引进与工业化路径选择——对20世纪50年代新中国工业化道路的探悉

国防工业作为技术密集型的战略性产业,产业关联性强,对上下游工业部门的发展影响很大.20世纪50年代,我国国防工业通过技术引进奠定基础并初具规模,并通过产业关联和技术外溢,推动优先发展重工业战略的形成,大大加快了工业化进程.在国防工业发展过程中,20世纪50年代后期国防工业生产民品——“军转民”的初步尝试值得总结和反思,国防工业与民用工业只有实现良性互动,建构军民结合乃至军民融合的制度创新,才能促进技术创新,推动国民经济良性发展.

Technological Introduction and Industrialization Path of China's National Defense Industry in the 1950s

As a technology-intensive industry of strategic importance, the national defense industry exercises significant influence on its upstream and downstream industrial sectors due to its explicit inter-industry relevancy. In the 1950s, the foundation of China's national defense industry was laid with preliminary development by technological introduction, and the strategy of giving priority to heavy industry was promoted owing to inter-industry relevancy and technology spillover, thus accelerating China's industrialization noticeably. However, it is necessary to summarize and reflect on the attempts of converting militarily-oriented enterprises to civil production initiated in the late 1950s in light of the fact that it is on the basis of the construction of an innovative system of integrating military and civil production by means of the positive co-ordination between the national defense industry and the civil industry that the technological innovation can be achieved, facilitating the healthy development of the national economy.