纪实 虚幻 叛逆——当代成长小说的叙事形态及审美批评

成长小说的叙事对象是青少年，必然以青少年的审美经验为载体。相对于表现童心童趣的儿童文学，其审美理想进入了更广阔的精神空间，主体意识及叛逆精神的萌生使他们了解社会现实的欲望和认识自我与人生的要求逐渐增强。因此，纪实传真的文体形态和美学品格从一个重要向度代表了成长小说的审美追求。然而，不可忽略的是，成长意识从本质上说是对自我无限幻想的精神过程。所以在青少年的审美期待中，虚幻浪漫构成与纪实传真相对又相联的审美价值取向。此外，骚动叛逆的成长欲望赋予成长小说鲜明的先锋精神，蕴涵了特殊的文学意义。

Esthetic Criticism on the Chinese Bildlungsronman and its Narrative Shape

The carrier of Bildlungdronman,whose narrative object is youngsters,is surely their aesthetic experience.In contrast to the children's literature which focuses on the childishness,the aesthetic ideal comes to a broader space.The germinations of the body consciousness and the treachery spirit strengthen the desire to know about themselves,the life and the society.Therefore,nonfiction literary style and aesthetic moral character have represented the aesthetic pursuit to a large extent.However,the awareness of maturation is essentially the infinite self fantasy process.So in the adolescence aesthetic anticipation,the fantasy form and the reality transmission are not only opposite but related in the case of aesthetic value orientation.Besides,the expectation for the growth in treachery gives Bildlungsronman the vanguard spirit,which contains special literary significance.