“天下为公”是中国古代的统治思想

公天下论是中国古代影响最大的政治理论之一。它的主要内容是君主论,着重回答设君之道、为君之道和择君替君之道等重大政治理论问题。"天下为公"既论证了治权在君的合理性,描绘出"圣王之制"的理想政治蓝图,又为君权的存在与行使设置了条件和规范,还为政治批判提供了价值尺度。立君为公、君位为天下之公器、君道尚公、天下非一家一人私有等思想是中国古代统治思想的重要组成部分。这表明,中国的帝王观念有其精致、周到之处,甚至包含着许多超越时代的政治理性。以往的思想史研究对这个特点缺乏深入细致的分析,这是需要改进的。

The Doctrine of the State Belonging to the People": The Dominant Thought in Ancient China

The Doctrine of the state belonging to the people" is one of the most influential political theories in ancient China. It answers why the monarchical system is established, what kind of people could be the monarch and how to be a monarch. It demonstrates the reasonableness of the sovereignty, but also readjusts it. This theory also covers two cultural factors of generalizing monarch and particularizing monarch. This indicates that theories on monarch contain lots of political reasons that exceeded their age.