认知的生态研究模式述评

在认知心理学领域里存在着三种研究取向,即符号加工取向、联结主义取向和生态主义取向。对心理学生态主义研究取向的界定亦有广义和狭义之分。梳理广义生态学取向下的认知实证研究,可知认知生态学取向的研究模式有三种:情绪与认知、任务情境与认知、社会文化因素与认知。认知生态学应注重狭义生态学取向的认知研究,在动态系统研究中加入社会文化因素,并结合认知风格、个性特征等因素来探讨社会文化对认知的影响机制,加大生态学方法如生态瞬时评估法(EMA)的应用。

Review on the Ecological Mode of Cognitive Research

There are three orientations in the field of cognitive psychology,namely the ones of symbol processing,connectionism and ecology.The ecology orientation can be defined in both broad and narrow senses.A variety of cognitive researches are analyzed and categorized under the general orientation of ecology,and the research modes of ecology orientation are presented,which mainly involve emotional,task context,social and cultural factors.Future cognitive ecology should focus on the understanding of ecology in its narrow sense,social and cultural factors shall be incorporated into a dynamic research system,some factors(eg.cognitive style,personality characteristics and so on) shall be integrated for the discussion of the mechanisms through which social and cultural factors exert impact on cognition,and the use of ecological method such as Ecological Momentary Assessment(EMA) shall be increased.