20世纪英美实在论哲学的主要特征及其历史地位

实在观念是西方哲学中的重要思想之一,更是当代英美哲学家讨论的一个核心内容。20世纪英美实在论哲学的主要特征表现为:强调实在是不依赖于人类认识活动的客观对象,无论是物理的对象还是概念的对象,无论是科学的对象还是常识的对象;对"实在"概念的理解更为宽泛,更看重把实在论理解为一种基本的哲学立场或思想背景,而不是一种统一的哲学主张或理论观点;涉及对语言的使用和理解问题;带有明显的语言分析哲学特征。实在论不是一个简单的哲学立场的标签,它表明了一种对待认识对象和外在世界的态度。在某种意义上,实在论具有了贯穿整个当代西方哲学的作用:科学的、理性的精神是整个西方哲学的主线,而科学和理性本身就是对真的追求。

Main Characteristics and Historical Status of UK and US Philosophical Realism in 20th Century

The concept of reality is one of the important theories of Westernphilosophy and especially the core issue being discussed by contemporary UK and USphilosophers. The main characteristics of UK and US realism in the 20th centuryare: holding the emphasis that existence is objective and independent of humanbeing’s conception; showing more comprehensive understanding of the definition of“reality”; concerning the usage and understanding of language; bearing apparentfeature of philosophy of linguistic analysis. Realism, in some sense, has beenfunctioning as a media connecting the whole system of contemporary Westernphilosophy: scientific and rational spirit is the main thread of the whole Westernphilosophy and science and reason themselves are the pursuit for truth.