基于“大跃进”运动中从众行为的社会心理学分析

作为一种群体效应,从众行为对"大跃进"运动有着重要的影响。"大跃进"运动中的从众行为较多于各地刮浮夸风、共产风和办公共食堂的过程中。导致人们从众行为的主要因素有,传统的文化心理、群体压力和群体凝聚力以及新闻传播的影响等。"大跃进"运动中的从众行为具有场景性、互动性、无序性和爆发性等特点。它的意义和作用是正反两方面的:一方面,最大限度地发挥了广大干部和民众建设社会主义的积极性,整合了群体行为,为现代化建设准备了充分的人力资源,弥补了其它资源的不足;另一方面,它在一定程度上影响了毛泽东和中央领导集体的决策,使"大跃进"期间出现的"左"的错误在比较长的时期内得不到根本纠正。

On the Social Psychology Analysis Based on Conformity Behavior in Great Leap Forward Movement

As a population effect,conformity behavior has an important influence on Great Leap Forward Movement.Most of conformity behavior in Great Leap Forward Movement was found in the wind of boasting,communist wind and in the process of set up community centre.The main factor that lead to conformity behavior included the influence of traditional culture psychology,the influence of population pressure and group cohesion,and the impact of news spread etc.Characteristics of conformity behavior in Great Leap Forward Movement were contextual,interactive,disorder and explosiveness.The significance and effect of Great Leap Forward Movement was opposite.On one hand,it gave full play to the enthusiasm of the cadres and the masses,integrated group behavior,prepared full human resources for modernization construction and made up the deficiency of other resources.On the other hand,it influenced the decision making which made by Mao Zedong and central collective leadership to a certain extent,which lead to the error of Great Leap Forward cannot be correct in a relatively long period.