论陕北汉画像圣树符号的宇宙论意义

作为汉代思想的物质载体,刻有圣树符号的陕北汉画像石造型多呈竖立型,反映了宇宙划分为天堂与人间,圣树为连接天堂与人间的唯一通道这样一种二分的垂直宇宙论。圣树图像并非为汉陕北汉画像石所独有,它普遍存在于世界各地的神话与仪式中,其原型为史前时代的宇宙树。圣树符号的史前图像探源表明,陕北汉画像石中的圣树图像并不是汉代升仙与厚葬思想的产物,其构图范式源自史前口传时代大传统以圣树为中心的神话宇宙论。

On the Cosmological Significance of Holy Tree Symbols on Han Dynasty's Statutes in Shanbei Region

As the carrier of ideological thought of Han dynasty,most statutes engraved with holy tree symbols erect,which represents a binary vertical cosmological outlook of dividing the cosmos into heaven and earth linking by the holy trees only. The holy tree symbol whose ar- chetype is the cosmological tree of the prehistory not only appears on the Han dynasty＇s stat- utes but also in myths together with rituals across the world. Probing into the prehistory im- age of the holy tree symbol finds that the holy tree image engraved in the stone statutes is not from thoughts of ascending immortals and elaborate funerals in Han dynasty but from mythological cosmological idea with holy tree as its core in oral great tradition of prehistory.