在基督教文化视域中重读巴洛克

巴洛克艺术来源于反新教改革运动的灵性神学,在反新教改革运动中,天主教会的举措主要有以下几个方面:其一是一系列的改革教会弊端和自身纯化的运动;其二是大力资助艺术家及艺术创作,使其为天主教造势;其三是发动了一场强调神秘世界的狂热运动。为了一改传统严肃而枯燥的说教,以及让人敬而远之的庄严肃穆的教堂,罗马教廷招募各地杰出的艺术家来装点教会,以吸引人们重新回到教堂。艺术以更加感性的、生动和华丽的形式来表现更加狂热、神秘的宗教情感,各种门类的艺术都出现了杰出的巴洛克大师及其作品。天主教的立场是反对宗教改革,反对理性主义,其实质指向乃是反对资本主义新秩序的建立,这从历史观来看无疑是消极反动的。然而对于艺术,神秘、激情、忘我的天主教宗教情感带来的唯美主义、形式主义的巴洛克艺术是人类在艺术领域中对理性禁錮的一次精神突围,是一种新的艺术风格的确立,在文学史上占有不可忽视的地位。

Baroque in the Perspective of Christian Culture

Baroque as an aesthetic style has played a role in artistic creation of the world either in the period of Romanticism or Modernism.It has long been marginalized due to its elements of formalism and aestheticism.Catholicism carried out a series of reform and sponsored financially artist and artistic creation and launched a movement of emphasizing mysticism.It is true that Catholicism was against religious reform and rationalism,especially the establishment of the new order of capitalism,but its strong emotion was a breakthrough in the former restraint and helped the establishment of a new artistic style with a key role in the history of literature.