科举配额制演化的历史考察——兼论"凭才取人"与"逐路取人"之争

科举配额制度是基于公平分配举额的目的,在协调各地政治、经济、文化和教育发展不平衡的过程中逐渐演变而成。宋代科举在州府试中实行解额制,明代科举实行南北分卷制度,至清代则发展为分省定额取中制。科举取士的演化趋势是分区取人的办法越来越具体,区域配额也越分越细。实行这一制度带有优待边疆和文化落后地区的用意,有利于边远省区人文教育水平的提高,同时也在很大程度上反映了科举时代的"公正"理念。

Research on Historical Evolvement of Imperial Examinations Quota System——Argument of the Enrollment According to Examination and Enrollment Based on Regions

The imperial examinations quota system aimed at the fair distribution of quota and the gradual coordination of the imbalanced development procedure of politics,economy,culture and education.In Song Dynasty,the imperial examinations implemented the quota system for the local examination.In Ming Dynasty,the imperial examinations were going on in South and North separately.Until Qing Dynasty,there developed the fixed amount for each province for balance.The imperial examinations kept the tendency of using talents in different areas with more concrete methods and more specific area quota.Implementing this system had a special purpose of providing favorable conditions for the frontier and culturally backward areas so as to promote the cultural and educational level of these areas,and reflected the "justice" idea of the imperial examinations era.