国有企业工资总额与经济效益和劳动生产率挂钩机制有效性研究

建立健全与劳动力市场基本适应、与企业经济效益和劳动生产率挂钩的工资决定和正常增长机制是深化国有企业改革的重要举措。随着国家和地方政策的陆续出台,国有企业“薪酬-效益”联动机制建设不断提速。本文对中央管理的国有企业及地方管理的国有企业工资总额与经济效益和劳动生产率的联动关系进行了实证研究。研究结果表明,中央企业薪酬水平和各项效益、效率指标都优于地方国企。中央企业和地方国有企业工资总额决定中,效益性(利润)因素都发挥了明显作用,但也都存在着以劳动生产率为代表的效率性因素发挥作用不足的现象,与改革所要求的经济效益和劳动生产率“两挂钩”的要求相比,存在不平衡的问题。因此,建议国有企业加大分配制度改革力度,在工资总额增长路径上真正实现效益与效率并重,以及向内涵式、要素协同式增长方式的转变。

Study on the Effectiveness of Linkage Mechanism between Gross Wages and Economic Benefits and Labor Productivity in State-owned Enterprises

An important measure in deepening the reform of state-owned enterprises(SOEs)is to establish and improve the wage determination and regular growth mechanism linked to the economic benefits and labor productivity of enterprises.With the s introduction of national and local policies in this area,the construction of the"wage-benefit"linkage mechanism of SOEs is gradually accelerated.This paper empirically researches the linkages between gross wages and economic benefits,as well as between gross wages and labor productivity in central and local SOEs.The empirical research results show that performances concerning compensation,benefit and efficiency indicators in central SOEs are better than those in local ones.However,in the process of gross wages determination in both central and local SOEs,benefit(profits)factor plays a significant role while there is a phenomenon that the role of efficiency factor represented by labor productivity is played inadequately.Given the demands on the"two linkages"between gross wages and economic benefits,and between gross wages and labor productivity required by the reform,there is an imbalanced development in this area.Therefore,it is recommended that SOEs should strengthen the reform of the income distribution system,realizing gross wages growth effectively linked with both benefits and efficiency,and shift to a growth pattern based on an inherent,factor-driven development.