中国古代史学文本的理论与实践

中国古代史学文本理论具有客观主义的特质,史学文本写作实践却表现出反客观主义的文学化情形,由此而形成理论与实践的二元对立,并延展到近代史学,构成考察整个中国史学脉络的一个线索。史学文本中的文学化现象表现在许多方面,具有必然性和认识论上的某些理据,时常造成历史认知的变形。反文学的史学文本思想则缺乏历史认识论的澄明,甚至成为悖论,但客观主义的史学文本书写规则并未因此而失效。将古今之文本理论与史学实践结合起来,参照后现代主义史学思潮予以观照,对史学观念颇多警示与警醒作用。后现代主义逼使客观主义深刻地反躬自省,然而,无论史学文本具有多么强烈的诗性结构,“历史真实”的概念却依然可以成立,史学文本所表现出的客观性、公正性和科学性,都无从抹煞。将后现代主义中“异化的力量”“解构”掉,吸取其“合理内核”,历史学将变得更加自信。

Theory and Practice of Ancient Chinese Historical Texts

The theory of ancient Chinese historical text bears the characteristic of objectivism, yet the writing practice of historical texts exhibits literariness opposite to objectivism, thus forming the dualistic opposites between theory and practice which extends to the modern history, and supplies a clue for observing the veins of Chinese history. Expressed in multiple aspects, the literariness of historical texts is quite logical and has certain epistemological grounds, often leading to the deformation of historical cognition. And the ideology of historical writing opposite to literariness lacks the clarity of historical epistemology and even becomes paradox, but the objectivist principle in historiography doesn’t lose its effectuality. Combining the theory and practice of ancient and modern historical texts in the light of post-modern historical trends of thinking will constitute some alert for our historical idea. Postmodernism forces historical objectivism to look back at itself, but, no matter how strong the literary structure is in historical texts, the concept of “historical reality” is still tenable, and objectiveness, impartiality and scientificity of historical texts cannot be totally denied. History will be more self-confident when the “alien strength” of postmodernism is deconstructed and its “rational crux” absorbed.