制约农民致富的制度分析

本文认为农民贫困有三重含义 :一是货币的和实物的收入低、享受的社会福利少 ,即收入贫困 ;二是创造财富和收入的能力差 ,即能力或人力资本的贫困 ;三是获取收入或财富和提高能力的权利和机会少 ,即权利和机会的贫困。这三重意义上的贫困内在联系 ,而且形成恶性循环。从根本上说 ,农民贫困是制度性贫困 ,是不合理的制度决定了农民贫困、制约了农民致富。现行土地制度、户籍制度、税费制度、教育制度和政治体制中不合理的成分是导致农民贫困或不能致富的主要因素

An Analysis of the System which Restricts Peasants to Become Rich

The author attributes the plight of peasants to three aspects: 1) low money/ non money incomes and poor social welfare, i.e., poverty through low income; 2) poor abilities in creating wealth and gaining income, i.e., poverty through lack of abilities or human capital; and 3) lacking of right and chance for gaining income or better welfare, and for raising ability, i.e., poverty through lack of right and chance. The inner link between the above three reasons results in a vicious circle. To the final analysis, the poverty of the institution results in the poverty of peasants, that is, the irrational constitution is the decisive reason which restraints peasants to become rich and land in their position of poverty. The irrational parts of the existing institutions, including the land system, the population registration system, the tax structure, and the education system, and political structure, are the determinants for the reason.