人权法的失衡与平衡(英文)

在公共治理场域中生成和行动的人权法，应当是能够促成和谐人权保障关系的平衡法，它在机制上表现为人权保障目标与制度安排的匹配性，在内容上反映为公民权利设定的合乎理性，在形式上表现为人权法规范体系的协调一致，在行动上体现为人权保障过程基于商谈形成共识，在结果上表现为人权保障绩效的最大化。由于不同人权之间往往存在着张力，加上人权保障具有跨部门法性，再加上国际人权法依赖于国内法转化或衔接等原因，因此人权法容易失衡，制约着国家尊重和保障人权目标的全面实现。要解决人权法失衡问题，应当选择开放性的公私商谈模式、遵循理性的衡量标准对人权入法进行审慎权衡。

Balance and Imbalance in Human Rights Law

Since human rights law originates and acts in the area of public governance,it should be a balanced form of law that can promote harmonious relationships in human rights protection.In terms of mechanism,balanced human rights law is characterized by consistency between its goals and the institutional arrangements for human rights protection.In terms of content,it is characterized by a rational identification of civil rights and their ways of realization.In terms of form,it is characterized by harmonious and consistent legal norms of human rights.In terms of action,it is characterized by a process of human rights protection in which consensus is reached through negotiations and consultations.And in terms of result,it is characterized by maximum efficiency of human rights protection in specific times and spaces.The tensions among different human rights,the cross-sectoral nature of human rights law,and the fact that international laws have to be transformed into or linked up with domestic ones,can easily disturb the balance of human rights law,thereby hindering the full realization of the state’s goal of respecting and protecting human rights.In order to solve this imbalance,legislators should choose an open model of public-private consultations and adopt rational criteria to weigh up human rights legislation in a careful way.