集体协商与“国家主导”下的劳动关系治理——指标管理的策略与实践

中国集体协商依靠"国家主导"模式,走出了一条完全不同于欧美国家的道路。国家推动集体协商的主要目的不在于推动劳资博弈,而是要把劳资双方都纳入到法律制度框架之内,使劳资双方行为能够法制化和契约化。但是,国家规范劳动关系并非简单控制,而是通过指标管理实现对基层产业秩序的治理。所以,指标管理成为国家推动集体协商制度建设的核心策略,地方政府和工会围绕考核指标,调用各种资源来提高集体合同数量。在实践工作中,地方政府"第三方"的角色发生了转变,同时工会"代理政府"的角色也得以强化,集体协商的本质则从劳资博弈转变成党政联合工会与资方的讨价还价行为。

Collective Consultation and the Governance of Labor Relations under State Dominance:The strategies and practice of index management

Based on State dominance,China has practiced a model of collective consultation completely different from Europe and the United States.The objective of Chinese government is to take both employers and labor into legal framework during collective consultation.However,the State’s regulation on labor relations is not simply through control and coercion,but attempts to design legal and contract standards to regulate both employers and labor.Index management is the key strategy for the State to promote collective consultation.Local governments and trade unions have mobilized various resources to increase collective contracts centered around index goals.In practice,the "third party" role of local governments has changed,and the representative role of trade unions has been enhanced.The nature of collective consultation has been transformed from the game between labor and capital to the bargaining between government,trade unions and capital.