印度土地制度效果对中国土地制度改革的启示

印度和中国一样,都是庞大的农业人口分享微薄的农业收入,印度表现为贫困问题,中国表现为农民收入问题。印度的土地私有制度并不成功,50多年的持续改革也不能减缓贫困现象,因此中国不能实行土地私有制。“国有永租制”就是与城市土地制度相一致的土地制度,农地国家所有,农民享有永久使用权。减少承租农地的人数,同时把农业收益留给农业经营者是农地永久使用权制度的核心目标。

India' s Land System, A Reference to China' s Land Reform

Similar to China,India also consists of large rural population who subsist on meager agricultural income.In India,the problem surfaced as poverty issue whereas in China,it takes on the form of a general low income for the rural population.India's privatization of land is hardly successful.Over 50 years of continuous reform does not reduce poverty much,which tells China not to rush to land privatization."State owned but permanently rented system" is a land system consistent with that in the urban areas.Rural land is owned by the State and farmers are entitled to the permanent rights of using it.The fundamental objective of "state owned but permanently rented system" is to reduce the population renting the rural land,and in the meanwhile,retaining the agricultural earnings to those who farm on the land.