晚清时期法国对华放贷中与列强的竞争和合作

晚清时期(鸦片战争始,宣统皇帝退位止),在资本主义进入帝国主义阶段和甲午战争前,法国就积极参与了西方列强对华贷款的竞争,不过,此时各国均各自为政,并未形成联盟.甲午战争后,资本输出逐渐成为列强经济侵华的主要手段,在激烈竞争中,法国与俄国、比利时结成同盟与英、德、日集团争夺贷款权,同时,法国为了自身利益又与竞争对手英、德、美签订协议组成四国银团,不惜"牺牲盟友利益"共同瓜分贷款份额,扩张势力范围.法国与俄、比的特殊关系,还表现在法国承购俄、比难以承担的贷款份额,与俄、比合组公司、银行贷款,从而形成掩盖在他国名义下的法国债权,在估计法国在华侵略势力时这一事实应加以考虑.

Competition and Cooperation between France and Big Powers to Loan to China in late Years of the Qing Dynasty

Just before capitalism entered emperialism, France had joined in the big powers to loan to the Qing government, but had not formed any alliance.However, after the Sino-Japan War of 1894-1895, capital export had became the major means for big powers to invade China. In the intense competition, France and Russia, Belgium formed an alliance to compete for the loan right to China against the coalition of the Great Britain, Germany, and Japan. Meanwhile, France also joined its rivalries as a member of the monetary group of four countries-the great Britain, Germany and the United States-to carve up the China's loan cake so as to expand its sphere of influence in China.Still, France cooperated with its allies-Russia and Belgium-to set up banks to loan to China so that it could undertake the portion of the loan they could not bear, which often concealed France's loaning to China in other countries'name. This should be stressed when France's invasion power in Cchina is evaluated.