贫困文化论的误用与滥用

美国人类学家在研究墨西哥城市底层群体的过程中提出了贫困文化论。 在中国的现代化进程中,贫困文化论被一些研究者和政策制定者引入用于指称少数民族群体的传统文化。 文章从发生学的意义上梳理了贫困文化论的原初含义,回顾了其传入中国之后的意义变迁,并批评了贫困文化论在中国的误用与滥用情况。 随着世界范围内对现代化的反思,民族传统文化的价值重新得到承认,造成了贫困文化论和民族文化多样性话语的当代并置和矛盾冲突。 最后,以人类学的整体主义文化观批评了国家发展主义对少数民族文化的两种矛盾态度。

Study on the Misuse and Abuse of Poverty Culture Theory

The poverty culture theory was proposed by American anthropologists when they did related study on the bottom people group in Mexico. In the process of modernization in China, poverty culture is used by some researchers and policy-makers by refering to the traditional culture of ethnic minority groups. In the sense of occurrence, this paper combined the original meaning of the theory of poverty culture, reviewed the changes of significance after it came to China, and criticized them is use and abuse of poverty culture in China. With the reflection of modernization throughout the world, it is the value of national traditional culture has been re-recognized causing the contemporary juxtaposition and contradiction of poverty culture theory and national cultural diversity discourse. Based on the perspective of anthropological holism, the author criticized the two contradictory attitudes of national developmentism toward the culture of ethnic minorities.