从主体话语到文化启蒙：论1980年代美学“译介热”的知识谱系

在1980年代“美学热”语境中，西学的“现代派”资源契合了思想解放的宏大语境。主体价值的确立、审美感性的彰显、个体的历史反思等等，这些不仅成为西方现代派美学的表征形式，更是成为中国新时期的理论诉求。“萨特热”“尼采热”以及“弗洛伊德热”就构成整个80年代美学维度“译介热”的知识框架。萨特的存在主义美学浪潮作为译介热的重要组成部分，并通过强大的哲学理念和现代派文学的推动，成为人学思潮中的“亮点”；以弗洛伊德为代表的精神分析学派通过对主体深层心灵活动的体察、泛性主义的生命欲求和精神世界的症候性分析，呈现出了主观色彩浓厚的美学面貌；“尼采热”的出现构筑了新时期译介活动的另一个热潮，伴随着尼采哲学论争的同时，也是唯意志论哲学和人本主义理论在中国的进一步深化和张扬。由此，“译介热”走出了一条从主体话语确立到美学伦理建构的理论谱系，具有文化反思和人性启蒙的历史价值。

From Subject Discourse to Cultural Enlightenment: the Knowledge Pedigree of Aesthetics Translation Boom in the 1980s

In the context of aesthetics boom of 1980s, the modern western resources had fit into the grand context of liberation thought. The establishment of subject value and aesthetic sensibility, history reflection of individual, and so on, these not only becomes the modernist form of western aesthetics, but also become the theoretical pursuit of new period in China. Sartre, Nietzsche and Freud, all of them had make up the whole aesthetic dimension in the 1980s intellectual framework of translation boom. Sartre''s existential aesthetics as an important part of translation boom with strong philosophical concept and modern literature, had become bright spot in the humanism ideological trend; Freud''s psychoanalysis represented by the subject''s deep psychic activity, sexual life desires and the spiritual world of symptoms analysis, presented the subjective strong aesthetic appearance; The emergence of the Nietzsche had constructed another boom in the new period of the translation activities, accompanied by Nietzsche''s philosophical disputes. At the same time, is also a philosophy of further deepening and make public of voluntarism and humanistic theory in China''s. So the translation boom walked out of a word the theoretical spectrum from the subjective consciousness to aesthetic ethical construction, and also has the history value of culture reflection and enlightenment of human.