精准识别政策的僵化执行及偏差分析

精准识别执行偏差影响精准扶贫政策的成效。基于山西吕梁的个案研究，发现农村执行者虽然严格执行上级的精准识别政策，但存在执行结果与地方实际发生偏差的问题，这一现象使人们认为精准扶贫不精准不公平。执行偏差产生的原因有三：（1）中央政策的贯彻过程实际是政策精细化的过程，精细化的政策可操作性强但相对教条；（2）基层执行者往往选择性忽视一些不可量化、不易操作、不影响考核的弹性指标，而其中一些正是政策的内核与精髓，如动态化管理和群众公认原则；（3）具体执行者在需要做出灵活调整时往往“一刀切”地僵化执行政策。如何保障政策的无偏差执行，又符合各地实际情况，是政策制定者和监督者应该考虑的问题。

Research on Rigid Execution and Deviation in Accurate Identification Policy

Implementation deviation in the process of accurately Identifying will affect the actual effect of the Targeted Poverty Alleviation policy. Based on a case study in Luliang, Shanxi province, it was found that although rural executives strictly implemented the superior identification policy, there was a problem that the implementation resulted deviate from the local reality. This phenomenon made people thought that precision poverty alleviation was inaccurate and unfair. The author focuses on analyzing the three mechanisms of this implementation deviation. First, in the process of implementing the central government policy, the policies are constantly refined to be easy to operate, which leads to form overly rigid policies to make the implementation results deviate from the local reality. Second, the grassroots executives are often apt to selectively ignore some non-quantifiable, difficult to operate, and not to affect examination results flexible indexes, some of which are the kernel and essence of the policy. Dynamic management and the principle of masses accepting were ignored in the practice of accurate identification. Third, specific executors often rigidly implement the policy in a one size fits all manner when they need to adjust the policy flexibly. It is an important issue for policy makers and supervisors to make the implementation of the policy not deviate from the policy, but also conform to the actual situation in various places.