再谈王维提出的“天机清妙”

王维提出了一个关于山水审美活动中＂天机清妙＂的命题。这是他＂自觉＂的经验总结,同时也是中国山水审美及文艺理论中最具价值却长期被忽略了的宝贵遗产之一。＂天机＂本指自然天性,源出《庄子》。其意蕴发展,到王维时代已大有内涵。王维之前或同时代,人们以＂天机＂一词加＂骏利＂＂俊发＂＂畅＂＂精＂等词,言说审美和文学艺术思维活动中的精神状态、灵感才思之情形。王维则以＂清妙＂作为＂天机＂的最佳状态与品质。＂清妙＂是一个意蕴很丰厚且极具审美面向的词语。王维本人极具＂天机清妙＂的资质。

A Restudy of Wang Wei's Proposition of Highly Intuitive Appreciation of Nature

Wang Wei made a proposition of highly intuitive appreciation of nature （Tian-ji qing-miao）, which, as one of the most precious yet neglected legacies in the Chinese aesthetics of landscape and literary criticism, was a ＂conscious＂ summary of his writing experience. ＂Tian-ji＂ in Zhuang Zi originally referred to highborn intuition, the implication of which had been much extended by the time of Wang Wei. Before him or in his own time, the term was used together with such words as keen （＂jan-li＂）, expressive （＂jun-fa＂）, fluent （＂chang＂） and incisive （＂jing＂）, etc. to mean the mental state or inspiration in aesthetics or literary and artistic thinking. Wang Wei described the best state or quality of artistic creation as highly intuitive appreciation of nature, which is a richly connotated term of much aesthetical implication. Obviously, Wang Wei himself was gifted at appreciating nature with intuition.