义和团与孙悟空

直东时期的义和团众崇拜孙悟空等神怪,并以之为附体之神灵。孙悟空形象对义和团的影响主要是晚清猴戏普及性演出所致。猴戏的动感状态对儿童少年具有天然的诱惑力。猴戏的舞蹈化动作,同样鼓惑起了团众的动感本能。猴王崇拜的心理还重新锻造了少年团众的童贞气象。美猴王的神怪出身和非凡能耐,促动了团众中少年儿童的超人幻想。团众童子军一系列的打教抗洋事件,再现的恰是现世猴王的叛逆行径。孙猴子七十二变的超凡本领还激化了团众改变自身命运的冲动。孙悟空形象对团众的影响呈现出消极和积极两类因素,其反叛特性激发了团民抗击外侮的志向;孙大圣大闹天宫、戏弄权威的举止,则启迪了团众戏弄官员、虐待教民的行为。孙猴子身上崇高与反崇高的特性皆反映在少年团中的行为之中。＂悟空＂的神圣性和＂猴子＂的戏耍性,拼合出了其高度对立的共同体,此类双面人格锻造了义和团童子军团的双重性格。

The Boxers and the Monkey King

During the period of Chinese boxing movement,monkey king was worshipped and regarded as the attached spirit. The impact of the monkey king image on the boxers was directed by the popularity of theatrical monkey show in late Qing dynasty. Children were easily tempted by the dynamic movement of monkey show. And the boxers＇ instinct dynamic was also stimulated by its dancing movements. The children innocence of juvenile members was also arisen：the monkey king＇s mysterious origin and incredible capability led to their ＂superman＂ illusion; a series of events of fighting churches and foreigners revealed the rebellious behaviors of present monkey king. The ＂seventy-two alternations＂ of monkey king was also a stimulus for the members wanting to change their lives. The image of monkey king influenced the boxers both positively and negatively：the rebellious nature aroused their resolution to struggle with invaders; while monkey sun＇s behaviors of destroying welkin and teasing authorities implied the formation of their teasing officers and abusing religious people. The sublimation and anti-sublimation characteristics could be found among the juvenile members,and also the holiness of ＂wukong＂ and ＂mischievousness＂ of monkey itself combined together helping the formation of double characters of the juvenile members.