欧盟国家养老金的名义帐户制改革评析——从对妇女和低收入者的影响进行分析

由于诸多因素的影响,如:人口老龄化的不断加剧、制度的日渐成熟、迅速增长的养老成本及增强在国际市场上的竞争力的迫切愿望,许多国家日益关注现今由于养老金制度的施行而造成的经济负担,它促使各国政策制定者去探求其它替代性模式。其中最富创见性的模式之一是产生于十年前的名义帐户制。本文旨在描述并探讨这种模式转换对妇女和低收入者的影响。笔者认为:在实行或部分实行名义帐户制的工业化国家里,妇女和低收入者获益会减少。然而,在发展中国家,情况却恰恰相反,名义帐户制取代现收现付制有利于实现高低收入者之间的收入再分配。

The Notional Defined Contribution to Public Pension Reform of EU nation—— Implications for Women and Low-wage workers

Due to a number of factors including population aging,the maturing of these schemes,rapidly increasing old-age pension cost,and the perceived need to become more competitive in international markets,many nations have become increasingly concerned about the present economic burden of paying for the pension.This concern has led policy makers to look for alterna-tive models.One of the most innovative alternatives to emerge during the past ten years is the notional defined contribution(NDC) model.In this article we describe this model and discuss some of the implications of a shift to this model for women and low-wage workers.We conclude that in the industrial nation women and low-wage workers are likely to do less well with schemes.However,in developing countries tend to redistribute from low-income groups to higher income groups.