马恩关于小农制历史命运的科学论断过时了吗？——对19世纪末20世纪初以来有关讨论的回顾

自19世纪末和20世纪初以来的100多年,国际理论界一直围绕"小农制趋于衰亡"和"小农经济富有生命力"的认识分歧争执不下。近年来,国内学术界又平添了关于中国农村实行家庭承包制是前进还是倒退,它与人民公社体制下的大集体农业生产经营方式孰优孰劣的争论。事实上,现代西方资本主义国家的农业发展历史已经表明,大农场(户)排挤小农场(户)是不可逆转的客观规律,当今世界上根本不存在所谓"小农经济的理想国"。我国下一步如何实现小农制与现代农业的有效衔接,已成为理论界和政府部门亟待深入研究的一个重大实践课题。

Is the Scientific Theory of Marx and Engles on Small- Scale Farming System out of Date?——Review of Related Issues from the Late Nineteenth Century to the Early Twentieth Century

In these one hundred years from the late nineteenth century to the early twentieth century,international societies have been disputing whether small-scale farming system is going to distinction or small-scale economy is full of viability.In recent years,in China,domestic academic circles have been arguing about whether rural contracted land use system of China is moving forward or falls back and whether collective agricultural production organization under people commune system is better or current rural contracted land use system is better.In reality,the agricultural development history of modern western capitalism countries has shown that it is an inevitable law for big-scale farms to own the small-scale farms.At present,there is no so-called ideal nation of small-scale farming economy in the world.How to effectively associate small-scale farming system of China with modern agriculture has become an urgent issue which needs to be deeply studied by theoretical circles and governments.