赦令与汉代政治的良性运行

王子今对汉代民间知识人的参政机会进行了解析,他认为,"处士"虽然是在野的民间知识人,但在汉朝他们却有着众多的参与政事的机会,并有很多"处士"通过这些机会成功转型为"议士"。邬文玲对赦令与汉代政治的关系进行了探讨,她认为,汉朝皇帝颁布赦令的目的主要有两个:一是为了平衡各方力量,缓解紧张性,使政治生活迅速回复到正常的运作轨道上;二是为了调节朝廷中大臣之间的权力之争,以谋求制衡之功效。赵凯认为,汉代通过辟谣来消减舆论压力的方式主要有:公布事实真相、提供反面证据来澄清事实、以实际行动代替言语解释、回避或隐瞒事实真相甚至不惜欺骗,等等。党超认为,"齐整风俗"是汉代对社会文化进行软控制的重要方式:议论时政时,对风俗的议论、批评和引导成为其重要内容;日常行政中,则通过观风纳谣和政治教化来实现对风俗的齐整与美化,以求化民成俗。

The Political Governing and Social Development in the Han Dynasty (Special topic for discussion)

Wang Zi-jin thinks that scholars in the Han dynasty had many opportunities to go into government affairs through which they could become government officials.Wu Wen-ling thinks that emperors had two reasons for remitting punishments:one is to balance powers from all levels so as to make political life return to a normal way,and the other is to adjust the powers of ministers to keep balance.Zhao Kai thinks that the methods of refuting rumors to relieve pressure include telling the truth,giving inverse evidence to make things clear,actual action instead of interpretation,hiding the truth,or even cheating.Dang Chao thinks that rectifying incorrect customs is an important way to control society and culture.In talking about politics,its main contents included the argument,criticism and guidance of customs,and in daily administration,incorrect customs could be rectified through observing customs and political education.