Aggregation pattern of individuals and the outcomes of competition within and between species: Differential equation models |
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Authors: | Eizi Kuno |
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Institution: | (1) Entomological Laboratory, College of Agriculture, Kyoto University, 606 Kyoto, Japan |
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Abstract: | Summary The influence of spatial distribution pattern on the outcomes of intra- and interspecific competition is studied theoretically.
The models developed are the generalized logistic andVolterra equations, whereLloyd’s indices of intra- and interspecies mean crowding were incorporated with their assumed linear relationship to mean density
in order to express the intensity of crowding which is really effective to the existing individuals. It is shown that while
the increasing patchiness of distribution has a pronounced effect of promoting the intraspecific competition and lowering
the equilibrium density for individual populations, it generally relaxes the interspecific competition, making it easy for
different species sharing the same niche, which would otherwise be incompatible, to coexist stably. These models thus provide
a simplest theoretical basis to explain why many insect populations in nature are kept relatively rare in number and why a
number of allied species often coexist freely sharing the same resource, against the “competitive exclusion principle” deduced
from the originalVolterra equations. |
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