我国的刑事诉讼结构——一个亟待澄清的概念

我国在共时性语境下展开的刑事诉讼结构研究容易遮蔽一个历时性形成的问题:现代刑事诉讼结构与其理论基础浑然一体,其制度表达服务于西方由来已久的程序正义观;我国当下的刑事诉讼结构与我国的理论传统在整体上也是协调一致的,其制度表达基本上服务于我国当下日遭否定的实体本位说。家庭本位观决定了我国古代刑事诉讼中追诉者对被追诉者进行追诉、审问的两面结构。集体优位观决定了我国1979年刑事诉讼法确立的国家专门机关对被追诉者进行犯罪追诉的简单结构和当下刑事诉讼的畸形结构。我国当下的刑事诉讼结构亟待实现现代化,需要充分确立被追诉者的基本权利,取消检察机关对刑事审判的监督权,在审判前程序中确立中立性裁判者的法律地位,实现追诉权与裁判权的分离。我国刑事诉讼结构的现代化需要以"以人为本"的发展观为理论支撑。

On the Criminal Procedure Structure in China——A Concept Needed to Be Clarified Exigently

The study about structure of criminal procedure developed in synchronism situation in China veils the problem from diachronic situation easily.Modern criminal procedure structure is well integrated with its theoretical foundation,and its system serves for the timed-honored ideas of western procedure justice.Chinese present criminal procedure structure is also harmonious with our theoretical tradition,and its system serves for our present substantialism that obtains negative evaluation constantly."Family-first"determines the two-parties structure that the prosecutor prosecutes and interrogates the accused in Chinese ancient criminal litigation.The idea of collective-first leads to the simple structure that the organizations in criminal justice pursues the accused in "Criminal procedural law in 1979",and the present deformed structure in criminal procedure.It is exigent to modernize our present criminal procedure.It is necessary to establish the basic rights of the accused,to cancel criminal trial supervision from Procuratorial organ,to establish the legal status of the neutral judge in pre-trial procedure,and to realize the separation between the accusatorial power and the judicial power.The modernization of our criminal procedure structure needs human-oriented outlook as its theoretical foundation.