一个勇敢新世界的重构——一个关注文本、读者与作者的新视角

近二十年来,不论在理论还是实践层面,作者的作用、文本的意义以及这两者同读者的关系一直备受欧美作家和批评家的关注,加拿大作家卡洛尔.希尔兹的小说《玛丽.斯旺》就是体现此类关注的典范之作。小说围绕女诗人玛丽.斯旺之死而展开,着重演绎了四个人物在诗人死后如何各自为营地以权威身份诠释和构建诗人的历史与作品。希尔兹在这部小说中阐释了作者、文本、读者在作品创作过程、作品诠释过程以及作品意义形成过程中的作用及关系。在希尔兹看来,作者将创作意图化为文本后离场,文本因此而获得相对独立但却使歧义诠释和多义诠释成为可能,读者则围绕缺场的作者和自主的文本重新构建新文本,这一系列过程最终造就了一个新世界。

The Reconstruction of a Brave New World——A New Perspective of Text.Author and Reader

In the recent twenty years,the function of the author,the meaning of the text and the relationship of the author and his product with that of the reader are the major concerns of European and American writers both theoretically and in their writing process.Canadian author Carol Shields' Mary Swann is a typical work with such themes.The novel is mainly about how the four characters,from the camps of their own perspectives,with "authority",interpret and reconstruct the history and the work of the dead woman poet in the novel.Shields attempts to reveal the relationship among the author,the text and the reader in the creation and interpretation process of a literary work in this novel.From Shields' perspective the author leaves the text after his intention is realized.The text thus acquires a relatively independent existence with the potentialities of contradicting and multiple interpretations.This situation creates the possibilities for the readers to reconstruct a new text with the previous one without the presence of the author.The process eventually leads to the reconstruction of a new world.