宗教改革家的婚姻观及意义

16~17世纪的欧洲正处于一个中古向近代的转型时期。就婚姻观而言,宗教改革家反对禁欲主义,肯定了婚姻的合理性和必要性,并身体力行。但他们认为婚礼不是圣礼,有关婚姻的事宜应该属于法律而不是教会,并对离婚持保留态度。他们的婚姻观及婚姻实践有时虽然过于形式化,却予天主教的独身主义以巨大的打击,促进了整个欧洲的婚姻发展和家庭改革,为欧洲近代资本主义婚姻模式的建立与核心家庭的形成奠定了基础,并对当时欧洲的政治、经济、文化产生了重大影响。但不可否认,妇女地位仍然低下,父权统治有所加强等问题也是这个时期婚姻改革的遗憾。

The Marriage Outlook of Religion Reformers and Its Implications

Europe of 16-17th century was in a period of transformation from the Middle Age to modern time. As far as the marriage outlook is concerned, the religious reformers opposed asceticism and affirmed the rationality and necessity of marriage, and earnestly practiced what they advocated. In their opinion, wedding was not sacrament, and the marital affairs were actually a legal matter instead of the business of church. They held an open attitude to divorce. Their marriage outlook and practice were a big hit to the celibate of Catholic though they were sometimes too formalized. Their opinion and practice not only affected the matrimony development and family reformation in Europe, laid a foundation for the formation of the capitalist matrimonial modes and the kernel family in the modern Europe, but also exerted a great impact on the politics, economy and culture of modern Europe. However, the social status of women was still low, the reformers and kings strengthened patriarchy. Those problems are shortcomings of the reformation in marriage.