现代人的"两难困境"--试析存在主义人生哲学

现代人存在的“两难困境”主要表现为:在自由与沉沦方面,既从哲学本体论的高度阐释了存在就是自由的原理,又从生命展开的过程中揭示了人不可避免的沉沦处境;在个性与孤独方面,既强调了存在的个体性,又揭示了人由此而无法避免的孤独、焦虑与责任;在逃避与抗争方面,既分析了逃避的主要方式“自欺”的特点与缘由,又从死亡角度指出抗争的必要;在乐观与悲观方面,既号召人们对人生采取积极进取的精神,又流露出生命终究是一场空的虚无与悲观。由此引发我们对生命存在与意义的认真反省与理性审思。

Contemporary Human Beings' Dilemma: An Analysis of the Existentialist Philosophy of Human Life

Existentialism is one of schools of western philosophies in twentieth century.It is argued in this paper that existentialism reveals and reflects modern humans' dilemmas of existence.First,regarding freedom and degradation,it reveals the unavoidability of human degradation,both from the perspective of philosophical ontology that assumes existence is freedom and in terms of the unfolding process of life.Second,regarding individuality and loneliness,it both emphasizes the individuality of existence,and reveals human loneliness,worry and responsibility resulted from individuality.Third,regarding escape and resistance,it both analyzes the characteristics and reasons of self-cheating,a major way of escape,and points out the necessity of resistance in terms of death.Fourth,regarding the optimism and tragedy,it calls on people to take active and progressive attitude toward human life,and hints that life is empty and tragic in the end.Existentialist points of view cause us to reflect and rationally examine existence and its meanings.