城市运行监管与应急响应平战结合机制研究——来自北京市海淀区地方政府经验数据

针对城市大范围多点突发事件应急处置带来的应急力量超常规供给的现实问题,构建反映城市运行监管与应急响应内在联系的平战结合机制.选择北京市海淀区地方政府经验数据作为研究样本,数据资源来自于信息化城市管理记录文件和城市应急值守记录文件.将城市应急响应事件分为"日常处置、快速处置、紧急处置"3种类型,城市运行监管事件分为"交通标志、便道设施、井盖、其他市政设施"4种类型,考虑两类变量关系建立结构方程(SEM)模型展开研究.研究结论:需要快速处置的城市应急响应事件属于敏感事件,与其联系密切的城市运行监管事件为交通标志类和其他市政设施类;需要紧急处置的城市应急响应事件属于关键事件,具有适时敏捷处置的时间压力.地方政府应充分考虑整合城市多灾种应急力量实施分类管理,广泛动员社会力量参与,提高各级别平战转换能力.

Research on Integration Mechanism between Urban Operation Monitoring and Urban Emergency Response-an Empirical Data of Haidian District Local Government in Beijing

Aiming to the bottleneck problem of the extraordinary supply towards emergency team in the context of multipoint emergency in an urban scale, an integration mechanism is constructed in order to reflect the relationship between urban operation monitoring and urban emergency response. The local government of Haidian District in Beijing is selected as sample, whose data document of urban management information and city emergency on-duty are analyzed. The event of urban emergency response is divided into three types, which are normal response, quick response and urgent response; then the event of urban operation monitoring is divided into four types, which include traffic sign, service road facilities, manhole cover, and other municipal facilities. The study concludes: firstly, quick response event belongs to sensitive events, and the following events of urban operation monitoring will exert an influence on it, which includes traffic sign and other municipal facilities; secondly, urgent response event belongs to key events, which is under the time pressure of agile disposal. Local governments should take into consideration the categorized management of various emergence responses, motivate the participation of social forces and enhance the conversion capacities between peacetime and wartime of various levels.