先秦诸子性命论及其价值取向

先秦诸子性命论,关注于命从何来,性为何质。儒家以道德判断之,成德性之说;思孟学派认为命自天降,因天有道德之论,故命当因天德而性善;荀子弃先天道德而言性,故以为恶;杨朱、告子不以道德审视之,认为命为生命,性为自我,当顺命贵生,以全生性;道家则以天道审视之,认为命与天、地同生,三者皆须顺应自然,当安命以全天性。诸子取舍不同,成为不同学说理论体系差异之原因。

Views on the Humanity-fate and Value Orientations of the Scholars in the Pre-Qin Dynasty

The views on the humanity-fate proposed by the scholars from different schools in the Pri-Qin Dynasty actually put the focus on where the fate came from and what the human nature was. From the perspective of morality, the Confucianism put forward the theory of morality nature advocating that fate came from the heaven and the human nature was good because of the heaven’s possession of the morality. Discarding the inborn morality, Xun-zi argued that the human nature was evil. While taking no notice of the morality, Yang Zhu and Gao-zi proposed that the fate was born and the human nature was self, therefore, human being should show obedience to the fate and respect to the nature in order to fulfill them. From the aspect of the heaven’s nature, the Taoism thought that the fate existed along with the heaven and the earth, so the three of them should be in conformance with nature to maintain to them. In a word, the different perspectives followed by them led to the different theory system.