我国家庭农场的全要素生产率及其差异

基于1647份的家庭农场微观调查数据，运用随机前沿生产函数法系统评估粮食型、非粮食型和混合型3种类别家庭农场效率及其差异分布，结果表明：2011—2016年家庭农场样本的全要素生产率（TFP）年均增长率为0.75%，增长主要来源于技术进步和要素配置效率变动，但后者贡献较小，规模扩张是TFP增长的重要阻碍；粮食型农场效率处于最低水平，非粮食型农场效率最高，3类农场差异显著。选择适度规模经营以提升规模效率、转变经营思路带动配置效率提升以扩大TFP的提升空间、持续推进对现有农业技术的推广和运用、着重提升粮食型农场效率防止非粮化倾向是当前家庭农场发展的关注重点。

Total Factor Productivity and Its Difference of Family Farms in China

Based on micro survey data of samples of 1647 family farms, this paper evaluates the efficiency and distribution of the types of grain, non-grain and mixed family farms by using stochastic frontier production function method. The results show that the average growth rate of total factor productivity (TFP) over the family farms in 2011-2016 was estimated at 0.75%. The productivity growth is driven mainly by technological progress and allocative efficiency change, but the latter has little contribution. Scale expansion is a major obstacle for the growth of TFP. Furthermore, the efficiency of grain farms was at the lowest level, yet non-grain farms get the highest efficiency, significant difference in 3 type farms. Policy implications of this article suggest that selecting the appropriate scale of operation in order to promote scale efficiency, changing management ideas in order to expand the TFP efficiency space by improving allocative efficiency, continuing to promote the popularization and application of existing agricultural technology, and focusing on enhancing the efficiency of grain farms to prevent non-grain tendency.