中国企业的国际竞争力:历史演进与未来的政策选择

新中国成立70多年以来,中国企业的国际竞争力实现了跨越式发展。伴随着不同时期的制度环境、技术水平、管理模式、要素禀赋、经营战略等内外部因素和条件的显著变化,中国企业的国际竞争力经历了由孕育、初步形成和发展到竞争力初显、加速提升,再到趋于强大的历史性演变,并在宏观和微观层面呈现出阶段性发展特征。这在某种程度上折射出中国经济转型发展和制度变革的轨迹,同时也深嵌于复杂的国际政治经济环境,与国家战略调整周期存在着契合性。中国企业国际竞争力的成长历程和演化路径,既是过去数十年中国持续深化改革开放实践所带来的必然结果,也在很大程度上得益于中国对外贸易与投资发展所引致的诸多微观经济效应。面对不确定时代日益增加的外部性风险和客观存在的内在需求及约束,需要从宏观的国家层面和微观的企业层面考量和践行持续提升中国企业国际竞争力的政策选项。

International Competitiveness of Chinese Enterprises: Historical Evolution and Future Policy Choices

Since the founding of New China more than 70 years ago,the international competitiveness of Chinese enterprises has achieved a great-leap-forward development.With the significant changes in both internal and external factors such as institutional environment,technical level,management mode,factor endowment,business strategy,etc.in the different periods,the international competitiveness of Chinese enterprises has undergone a historical evolution from prenatal stage,initial formation and development stage,initial competitiveness stage,accelerated advance stage to the stronger and stronger stage,and presents the characteristics of stage-by-stage development at the macro and micro levels.To a certain extent,it reflects the trajectory in the development of China's economic transformation and institutional reform.It is also embedded deeply in the complex international political and economic environment,and it is consistent with the cycle of national strategic adjustment.The growth process and evolutionary path of Chinese companies'international competitiveness is not only the inevitable result of the continuous deepening reform and opening up practices in the past decades,but also the benefit to a large extent from many microeconomic effect caused by foreign trade and investment development.Facing the increasing external risks and the objectively existing internal demands and constraints in the era of uncertainty,it is necessary to consider and implement the policy options to enhance continuously the international competitiveness of Chinese enterprises from the macro-national level and the micro-enterprise level.