社会经济史与湖南的区域研究 ——以明清时期洞庭湖区的宗族与垸田为中心

不少研究试图用江南"资本主义萌芽"带动湖南米粮生产及垸田围垦的视角,来理解从"苏湖熟"到"湖广熟"的过程。但垸田开发本质上是土地经营的问题,很难被简单归结为长途贸易的结果。资本主义生产方式得以成为可能,需要的不仅是雇佣关系与贸易,而是带有资本性的制度。传统中国,能体现这种制度的一个重要领域是在祖先或神明名义下的控产机制。关于宗族控产机制、礼制推行与公私观念等领域的探讨对湖南的区域研究具有借鉴意义。

The Study on Social Economic History in Hunan Province: with the Example of the Patriarchal Clan and Polder in Dongting Lake Region of Ming and Qing Dynasty

The changing process of spread saying from " When Suzhou and Huzhou have a bumper crop,the country will be free from hunger " to " When Hunan and Hubei Province have a bumper crop,the country will be free from hunger " reflected the significant transition of nationwide economic pattern.Most of the former researches studied the transition from the perspective of how grain-production of Hunan Province of Ming and Qing Dynasty was influenced by early capitalism in the area of Southern Yangtze River. While the study on the phenomenon of bumper crop Hunan and Hubei Province should not have been limit- ed to the trade of grain,but focus on the land management patterns which contributed the commercialization of grain in Hunan Province of Ming and Qing Dynasty.For the realization of capitalist mode of production demands not only trade and simple employment relationship,but also capital systems.In China,such systems could be embodied in the production controlling mechanism in the name of ancestors and divinities. The trade of salt in Ming Dynasty was based on a special Salt Currency,as a commercial bill.The large scale construction of polders of Hunan Province in Ming and Qing Dynasty was an important approach of the commercialization of grain,and the rational mechanisms of the management of polders had close relations with patriarchal clan.Therefore,the findings of theories and researches in social economic history on religion production controlling mechanism,state system and etiquettes and sense of the public and private have reference function to the patriarchal clan and polder management.