理想城市的建构与城市的人文关怀

城市因为与人类文明共生,一直被看作理性的产物。远古城市的形成便是基于宗教、军事或贸易中心的存在而延展的,并且对周围农村形成统治。工业催生的现代城市是工具理性的形象表征。理性原则主导下的城市不仅缺少一般意义上的人文关怀———现代城市规划普遍追求功能效益原则,人性空间严重缺失,而且缺少对城市真正的居住主体———市民的具体关怀。花园城市及其他“雅典宪章”式的理论虽然都从物质空间上对现代工业城市作了“科学而合理”的布局和安排,甚至提出了一系列理想城市的建设理论,但在实践中一直没能达到“理想”的目标。原因在于他们的规划和理论仍然基于普遍理性原则。后工业时代的今天,新的文明对理性主义提出了挑战,“新城市主义”、“后现代都市”等提出建设市民“自己的城市”的主张,“邻里社区”和“契约城市”的具体呈现不仅是城市实现人文关怀的有效方式,也是城市得以焕发生命活力、实现可持续发展的具体探索。

Ideal City Construction and Humane Care in the City

City is always regarded as rational product for it's coexists with human civilization.The formations of ancient cities were based on the existence of religion,military and trading center.And they ruled the surrounding villages.Domination or control is both the rational product.Mordern city is produced under the industrial stimulation.It is represented the instrumental rationality images.Cities under the domination of rational principles are not only short of humane caring from general sense for modern urban planning pursuits of functional efficiency principle universally and lacks of human space seriously,but also short of the specific care for citizens which are mainly real resident in cities.Although Garden city and other theories of "Athens Charter" style give the layout and organization for modern industrial city from physical apace,furthermore they give a series theory of ideal urban construction,it has failed to achieve the desires objectives in practice.The reason is as follows.Their plans and theories are still based on universal rational principles.In today's post-industrial era,new civilization gives the challenge to rationalism."New-urbanism","postmodern urban" etc are starting from the respect for multiplicity principle proposed the idea of building "our own city".The specific of " neighborhood community" and "contract city "not only the effective way for city to achieving humane care,but also the specific discovery of city to achieving sustainable development and radiating vitality.