从"干中学"到"加工中学"——经济全球化背景下的国际分工、技术外溢与自主创新

现代经济中,"干中学"的含义已经扩展到发展中国家在经济发展过程中逐步在"干"中形成生产经验和实现成本节约的过程。然而,在经济全球化过程中,"干中学"已经逐步细化为"干"与"学"的国别分离,即发展中国家在生产加工中的从"加工中学"和发达国家在技术创新过程中的从"开发中学",发展中国家在加工贸易中只能学到加工技术。发展中国家要获得技术进步和改善国际分工地位必须依赖自主的技术创新。

From "Learning by Doing" to "Learning by Assembling"——International Production Specialization, Technology Diffusion and Independent Technology Innovation in the Situation of Globalization

In modern economy, the term "learning by doing" means that the developing countries accumulate production experience and save cost through the process of "doing". However, "doing" is gradually separated from "learning" in different counties during the process of economic globalization, where the developing countries are engaged in assembling, who can only "learn by assembling", while developed countries who take up technological innovation can "learn from renovation and development". Since the developing countries can learn only how to assemble, they must turn to independent technical innovation to obtain technology upgrading and improve their status in global production network.