生态批评——文学与环境的跨学科研究

作为一种文学批评流派，生态批评诞生于20世纪90年代，是人文学科与自然学科的跨学科研究。生态批评反思人与自然之间的关系，反对“类中心主义”，主张“生态中心主义”和环境公平。其分支生态女性主义批判了“男权中心主义”对女性和自然的双重压迫；深层生态主义主张超越生态学作为科学这一事实达到“自我意识”和“地球智慧”深层次境界；文化生态主义认为生物多样性等环境问题必定会反映在语言与文学领域；印第安族裔生态文学的关注焦点从社会关系转移到了自然关系。生态文学代表作从不同角度反映出了丰富的生态思想，生态批评是人类为其所生存世界斗争的一种方式。

Ecocriticism---Interdisciplinary Research on Literature and Environment

As a school of literary criticism,ecocriticism,born in 1990s,is the study of literature and the environment from an inter-disciplinary point of view.Ecocriticism introspects the relations between human and nature,opposes “anthropocentrism”and advocates“ecocentrism”and environmental fairness.Ecofeminism,the branch of ecocriticism,criticizes the double oppressions on women and nature of androcentrism.Deep ecology urges to achieve a profound state of self-consciousness and earth wisdom beyond ecology,“cul-tural”ecologism believes that environmental problems of biodiversity will definitely reflect in languages and literatures and the focus of ecological literature of Indians moves from social relations to natural relations.So many masterpieces of ecological literature reflect rich ecological thinking which indicates ecocriticism is a way to fight for human survival in the world.