孟子“不忍人之心”的哲学阐释

孟子仁学能够同时在形上与形下两个层面充分展开仁的超越性与可切近性的论证。人即仁,仁即人。人、仁始终统一。"不忍人之心"是可感、可知的,随意而发,随情而生,它可以与经验事物联系在一起,又可以获得形上的本体超越。人之"四端"萌动,仁意呈现。一切体仁、达仁的追求都不过是"四端"的发现与推广。"存心"、"养心"、"求放心"的工夫要求人们始终保持自己身上区别于动物的仁义之道,进而达到仁性本体。而以"亲亲"释仁,则准确地获得为仁情感的源发性与真切性。行仁、为仁的底线伦理就是敬爱父母、尊重父母,即善守孝道。王道艰深,但奥妙只在于"以德服人",即用自己的德行赢得天下人民的爱戴与信服。

The Philosophical Explanation on Mencius'"Mind of Cannot Bear"

The Benevolence(or the Humanity,the Kindheartedness,namely Ren,仁) in Mencius theory has been demonstrated in two aspects,metaphysics and unter-maphysics.It is both transcend and close to reach.Human is the Benevolence,the Benevolence is also human."Mind of Cannot bear"affectable and knowable,which always contact with experience,meanwhile it exceeds upon the ultimate noumenon.All pursuing to the Benevolence is only discovering and spreading of"Four Origins"(四端).What Confucius has done in their moral effects is to hold the way of the Benevolence and the Righteousness,which means that man is just far different from the animal.The base line of the Confucius'ethic is to respect and love parents.Though the Kingcraft is very hard,king can win all the people's loving and esteeming through his own virtue.