激进民主、对抗性与霸权--拉克劳和墨菲后马克思主义政治规划的批评性解读

作为一种左派话语,拉克劳和墨菲的激进民主政治规划实际上是通过阿尔都塞和拉康等人的"反本质主义"逻辑把客观的"社会"存在改写成一种主观的话语空间而形成的价值立场,在其中政治的对抗性基础变成一种与社会条件无涉的个体对抗,政治本身变成一种霸权斗争(即话语争夺的斗争).正是这一原因,这种政治规划彻底地抛弃了马克思主义的经济基础与上层建筑之分、阶级斗争等核心理论.文章从后马克思主义诞生的直接背景及其理论逻辑解读了马克思主义的这种语言学转向,指出它是西方左派摆脱自身危机的一种伦理突围.

Radical Democracy,Antagonism and Hegemony--A Critical Interpretation of Laclau and Murfee's post-Marxist political programs

As a leftist's discourse, Laclau and Mouffe' radical democratic programs of politics is, in effect, a kind of value position that is formed by transforming the objective "social" existence into subjective discourse space on the basis of Althusser and Lacan's "anti-essentialism" logic. In the position, the antagonistic foundations of politics become individual antagonism that has no concern for social conditions, while politics itself turns into a hegemonistic struggle (namely the struggle for the discourse). It is this reason that this political program completely abandons the key theories of Marxism, that is, the distinction of the economic basis and superstructures, and class struggles, etc. This article elaborates on such linguistic diversion of Marxism from the aspect of the direct backgrounds of post-Marxism's emergence along with its theoretical logic and points out that it is an ethic outlet for the Western Left to get out of their own crisis.