明代文学的＂复古＂和经学的＂离道＂

明代的文学复古运动从明初一直持续到明中后期，几乎贯穿整个有明一代，以初期吴越、闽中文人和中后期的前后七子为主要代表。与此相对的是明代的经学，＂其学各抒心得，及其弊也肆。空谈臆断，考证必疏。＂文学和经学迥然不同的学术研究走向，与＂台阁体＂影响、陆王心学压倒程朱理学及前代经学研究积弊有关。少数读书人既作为文学家，又作为治经学者，在文学和经学方面分别作出“复古”和“创新”（即“离道”）的创作和研究抉择，很大程度上又是由其所处的不同环境造成。

Retro Movement of Literary and Deviation of the Confucian Classics in Ming Dynasty

The Retro Movement of Literary lasted from the early stage to the middle and later periods of Ming Dynasty, almost throughout the whole dynasty. The chief leaders of this movement in the early periods are those literatis who especially lived in Wuyue and Fujian, and that in the rest periods are the＂ QianHouQiZi＂ .At the same time, the opinion that ＂Each doctrine expresses their own views, the disadvantages are obvious. Only talk and guess, the research must be incomplete＂ of the Confucian Classics was just on the contrary to this movement. The different direction of research between Literature and Confucian Classics related to the Taige Style, the philosophy of the mind by Lu and Wang and the disadvantages of the Confucian Classics research before. Few intellectuals studied not only as litterateurs but also as scholars on Confucian Classics. They chose retro in Literature and deviation in Confucian Classics, which was caused by different social environment largely.