生态治理项目的交易成本及其绩效评价

自20世纪末以来，我国实行了大规模的生态建设政策，其实施后的绩效评价是值得深入探讨的重要课题。为此，特将交易成本分析引入到生态建设项目的绩效评价之中。将交易成本分解为搜寻成本、签订合约成本、建设及营运成本、监督违约成本、寻求赔偿成本5部分，给出了交易成本的计算模型。分析了结构指数和绩效指数的概念和构成指标，构建了结构指数和绩效指数的计算模型。其中结构指数由内生交易成本占交易成本的比重、农户投入占生产成本的比重、交易成本占总成本比重共3项指标的加权和构成。以河北省赤城县为例，计算了已经实施的首水工程、退耕还林、小流域治理、全面禁牧4种项目的交易成本，分析了项目的平均绩效和项目执行期间的绩效变化。交易成本及其绩效计算，将为不同生态建设项目的比较和绩效评价提供一个新的角度，具有重要意义。

Transaction Costs and Performance Evaluation of Ecological Governance Project

Since the end of the 20th century, China has implemented large-scale ecological governance policies and the subsequent performance evaluation of the policy is an important issue worthy of deeper inquiry. This paper introduces transaction-cost analysis into the performance evaluation of ecological construction projects and identifies transaction cost in five parts--information search cost, contract signing cost, governance and operation cost, supervision cost and seeking compensation cost, then builds the calculating model of transaction cost. The concept and structure indicators of structure index and performance index are analyzed and the calculating model is built. It consists of weighted sum of three indicators--the proportion of endogenous transaction costs accounted for the transaction cost, farmers input accounted for the production cost, and the proportion of transaction costs accounted for the total cost. Taking Chicheng County of Hebei Province as an example, we calculate the transaction cost of four implemented ecological projects： water conservation project of Capital, returning farmland to forest policy, small watershed management project and comprehensive grazing prohibition project, then we analyze the average performance of the project and the performance change during the project execution. Transaction cost and performance calculation is of great significance, providing a new perspective for the comparison and performance evaluation of different ecological construction projects.